New publication on lemur conservation in Madagascar

A new Sewall Lab publication, led by doctoral student Kim Reuter, has been published.  The new peer-reviewed article, entitled “Live capture and ownership of lemurs in Madagascar: extent and conservation implications,” clarifies the volume and impacts of lemur ownership (as pets and for other reasons) by people living close to natural areas and in urban areas within Madagascar.  The ownership of lemurs, the endemic primates of the western Indian Ocean island of Madagascar, is illegal, but we found lemur ownership was widespread, including in all regions of the country.  We estimated that more than 28,000 lemurs of a diversity of species were held in captivity within Madagascar between 2010 and 2013.  Lemurs are one of the most threatened groups of vertebrates globally, and are currently imperiled by habitat change, hunting, climate change, and other anthropogenic changes.  Of the more than 100 species of lemur, several have small global populations (four have populations less than 500 individuals, and nine have populations less than 10,000).  Thus, the previously unappreciated extent of lemur ownership, which is fueled by capture and removal of lemurs from their natural habitats, provides a new cause for concern for the continued persistence of several endangered and critically endangered lemur species.

The publication was co-authored by three Sewall Lab members – doctoral student Kim Reuter, recent undergraduate student Haley Gilles, and Dr. Sewall – as well as Abigail Wills of the Mpingo Conservation and Development Initiative.  The article will appear in a forthcoming issue of the international conservation journal Oryx, and can be found online here.

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Dr. Sewall wins new funding for land management research

Dr. Sewall has received six multi-year contracts from the Pennsylvania Department of Military and Veterans Affairs to conduct land management research.  The work will be for applied research to inform land management within native forest and prairie landscapes affected by training activities of the Pennsylvania National Guard.  Central questions include understanding the impact of training activities on native ecosystems and species of conservation concern and developing strategies for the maintenance of these ecosystems and species in the context of ongoing training activities. The work will focus on Fort Indiantown Gap, an 18,000-acre area actively used for training that also encompasses native eastern deciduous forest and rare remnant Pennsylvania prairie that together harbor more than 90 species of conservation concern.

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New publication on science education in Madagascar

Members of the Sewall Lab, in collaboration with colleagues from the Ladybug Project, have published a new scientific article entitled “Barriers to Student Success in Madagascar” in the journal Global Education Review.

This article evaluated the effectiveness of science and math education at the primary, secondary, and university levels, and clarified barriers to student progression through the education system in Madagascar.  We found that science and math performance in Madagascar lagged behind other nations and there was a high dropout rate.  Key barriers to advancement by students interested in science and math included crowded classes, limited pedagogical and infrastructural resources, grade repetition, late school starting age, and discontinuities in the language of instruction.  Educational approach and context also differed depending on whether schools were urban or rural and public or private.  We therefore suggest increased provision of educational resources, resource equalization, improved training in the language of instruction, and increased local autonomy in designing appropriate curricula as first steps to tackling these barriers to student success in science and math disciplines in Madagascar.

The lead author on the study was Aby Wills of the Ladybug Project.  Three members of the Sewall Lab were co-authors on this article:  Kim Reuter, Andrea Gudiel, and Dr. Sewall.  The article can be obtained here.

 

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Shannon wins university-wide research award

Shannon McGinnis has won the top Temple University research award for undergraduate research in sustainability.  Her work, entitled “Fungal diseases in wildlife: emerging threats from pathogenic fungi” won the Temple Library Prize for Undergraduate Research in Sustainability and the Environment.  The research investigates conservation approaches to addressing emerging threats to wildlife species from fungal diseases.  Her work placed a special emphasis on white-nose syndrome in bats and chytridiomycosis in amphibians, two devastating diseases of wildlife that have caused mass die-offs of affected individuals in several species of bats and many species of amphibians.  Shannon was recognized in a ceremony at Paley Library on May 1, 2014.  Congratulations to Shannon on this prestigious award!

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Dr. Sewall wins mentoring award

Dr. Sewall has won the William Caldwell Memorial Distinguished Mentoring Award through the College of Science and Technology of Temple University.  Award winners are described by the College as follows:  “Nominated by their peers and students, they have demonstrated tremendous dedication to their work and are instrumental to the college’s goal of producing innovative research and well-educated science and technology graduates.”  This mentoring award in particular recognizes Dr. Sewall’s extensive efforts to mentor undergraduate students, graduate students, and early-career professionals and to prepare them for study and careers in the biological sciences.  It also recognizes the many achievements of students in the Sewall Lab, including the numerous departmental, college, university, and national honors, awards, fellowships, grant awards they have garnered and the publications they have authored.

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Dr. Sewall wins NSF grant in community ecology

Dr. Sewall has won a three-year National Science Foundation grant for a project to study community structure and dynamics in ecological communities.  The project builds on some of Dr. Sewall’s previous research, and focuses on improving theoretical and empirical understanding of mutualistic networks, the sets of mutually-beneficial interactions that link diverse species within ecological communities.  The research will focus on interactions between frugivores (fruit-eating animals such as primates, fruit bats, and birds) and fruit-bearing trees within a tropical dry forest in Madagascar.  The project has been funded by NSF’s Division of Environmental Biology Population and Community Ecology Program.  Dr. Amy Freestone, also of Temple University, is a co-PI on the grant.

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Outreach to undergraduates at Florida Gulf Coast University

Graduate student Kim Reuter has presented a guest lecture in a Behavioral Ecology course run by Dr. Billy Gunnel at Florida Gulf Coast University.  The presentation, which took place on February 5th, 2014, focused on her graduate experience and research in Madagascar and other international locales.  She also discussed the how-to’s of applying to graduate school and what to expect in graduate studies.  The goal was to expose students to the idea of doing an advanced degree in science and to answer their questions about how to proceed.

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New outreach event in Philadelphia Schools

Graduate student Kim Reuter has participated in an outreach event on November 7th, 2013 to one of the Philadelphia city schools, the Saul High School.  She presented to a class of high school students on her experiences as a biologist working in Africa, and answered questions on how they could start a career in science.  We hope this presentation will spark interest and motivation in one or more of the students to pursue university study and ultimately a career in science.

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New publication clarifies role of body size in energy use in ecological communities

Dr. Sewall has published a new article clarifying how body size influences energy use in ecological communities.  The article, published in the journal PLOS One, provides a field test of community ecology theory relating animal body size with energy use through consumption.  The research provided the first test of size-energy theories to directly quantify energy intake among a foraging guild.  Results supported the energetic equivalence hypothesis, which suggests that energy use from shared, limiting resources by populations or size classes of foragers are independent of body size.  The research provides key insights into mechanisms underlying local size-energy relationships, and has important implications for predicting species interactions and for understanding the structure and dynamics of ecological communities.  The research was conducted in collaboration with Amy Freestone (of Temple University), Joseph Hawes (University of East Anglia, UK), and Ernest Andriamanarina (Universite d’Antsiranana, Madagascar).

The article is available freely via Open Access at:

http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068657

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Dr. Sewall wins grant to study bat response to an emerging disease

Dr. Sewall has won a competitive grant to investigate a disease of hibernating bats known as white-nose syndrome, which has spread to colonies in dozens of states and several Canadian provinces, causing severe die-offs of many bat colonies in the affected area.  The disease is caused by a newly-described fungus known as Pseudogymnoascus destructans (formerly Geomyces destructans), which reduces the capacity of bats to survive the hibernation period, leading in some cases to mass mortality events and bat population decline.  The objectives of the grant will be to improve understanding of (1) the effects of this emerging disease on populations of hibernating bat species, (2) correlates of bat susceptibility to the disease, and (3) management strategies needed to address this disease and conserve bat populations.  The study will focus on Pennsylvania’s bat species, but the research will have implications for bat conservation well beyond this state.  The grant is entitled “White-nose syndrome and Pennsylvania’s bat populations: Statewide statistical analysis to understand disease impacts and inform management of hibernating bat species,” and it has been funded by the Pennsylvania Game Commission.  

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