INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Are all five points equal? Scaling heterogeneity in hotel online ratings

Leung, Xi Y.; Yang, Yang

Abstract

Online hotel ratings play a critical role in hotel online reputation building and greatly influence travelers’ decision making. However, self-reported online ratings are vulnerable to scaling heterogeneity due to reviewers’ unique response styles, leading to some incomparability issues. A research framework was developed based on latent state-trait theory and empirically tested using hotel online review data from TripAdvisor. A hierarchical ordered probit (HOPIT) model, which captured threshold differences in hotel online ratings, confirmed the presence of scaling heterogeneity and response styles in the online rating context. Results indicated that younger travelers, women, and travelers with less review expertise used lower thresholds when rating hotels online. Business travelers had the highest rating threshold compared to other types of travelers. Guests staying in high-class hotels tended to have more extreme response styles than those staying in low-class hotels. These findings offer valuable insights for hotel managers and online rating/review sites.

Keywords

Online rating; Response style; Rating threshold; Scaling heterogeneity; HOPIT model

Research topic

AI and Big Data, Digital Platform and Pricing

Research method

Econometrics, Big Data

Geographic area

US

Extra Information

Rating Adjustment Tool: Link

Additional links for this paper

ResearchGate

Publisher Website

Web of Science

HOW TO CITE

Leung, X. and Yang, Y. (2020). Are all five points equal? Scaling heterogeneity in hotel online ratings. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 88, 102539.

Additional Reads

2026

In sync, in satisfaction: Experience congruence effects

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL & TOURISM MARKETING

2026

Unpacking Innovation Incentives in Rural Tourism: A Simulation of Policy Impacts and Regional Heterogeneity

JOURNAL OF TRAVEL RESEARCH

2026

Balancing the clock: How predictive scheduling laws influence employee satisfaction in the U.S. tourism and hospitality industry

TOURISM MANAGEMENT