Funded by the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases [R01DK134630]
Live donor kidney transplant (LDKT) is the preferred treatment modality for patients with chronic and end-stage kidney disease. LDKT is less expensive than prolonged dialysis and offers improved mortality and morbidity over either dialysis or deceased donor kidney transplants (DDKT). However, ethnic minorities have significantly less access to LDKT than their White counterparts. Collectively, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics represent 64.3% of the kidney transplant wait list, yet received only 36% of all LDKTs in 2019. Further, rates of LDKTs have decreased for Black patients over the last decade. Decades of research point to patient-provider communication as a contributing factor to observed disparities in health and healthcare outcomes. To date, however, no attempt has been made to gauge the impact of the communication occurring during transplant evaluation consultations on LDKT outcomes.
The long-term goal of the study entitled, Increasing Equity in Live Donor Kidney Transplant through Effective Patient-Provider Communication or EPPCom, is to increase parity in access to LDKT for Black patients. This community-engaged, mixed-methods study, employing a concurrent triangulation design, will identify the specific communicative behaviors that result in live donor inquiries and evaluations, and actual LDKTs for Caucasian and Black patients, providing critical information to the design of an intervention to improve patient-provider communication about LDKT. Specifically, we will:
- Simultaneously quantitatively assess patient and provider factors with established and hypothesized associations with receipt of LDKTs, and qualitatively assess discrete elements of patient-provider communication occurring during transplant evaluation consultations for Caucasian and Black patients (Aim 1). Brief quantitative surveys administered before and after medical consultations held as part of the evaluation for transplant candidacy will capture providers’ (N=52) confidence and comfort discussing LDKT and patients’ satisfaction with the consultation, medical mistrust, health literacy, and LDKT knowledge, attitudes and readiness. We will also audiorecord transplant evaluation consultations for 60 Caucasian and 60 Black patients (N=120) across the two study sites – Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center (NJ) and Temple University Hospital (PA), and qualitatively assess the communication occurring during the consultations.
- We will use the findings to inform development of the content and format of a communication skills training for transplant providers and evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the training on patient-reported and LDKT process outcomes (Aims 2 & 3).
Intervening at the provider level is both practical, given that all transplant candidates already must undergo this consultation, and efficient, given that a single transplant physician can evaluate >100 transplant candidates per year. Thus, the results of this innovative study have the potential to increase access to LDKT for Black patients currently awaiting kidney transplant. Improving communication during the transplant consultation may prove to be an effective and efficient means of alleviating ethnic disparities in LDKT.
Study Team
Drs. Heather Gardiner and Francis Weng, Co-Principal Investigators
Dr. Avrum Gillespie, Co-Investigator
Dr. Maureen Wilson-Genderson, Statistician
Ryan Blunt, Data Manager
June Goldberg, Research Assistant
Ragha Mohan, Research Assistant
Sophia Kreider, Research Associate
Ana Merced-Castro, Clinical Manager Pre-Transplant & Research Services
Christine Porcello, Clinical Research Associate
Denise Delos Santos, Clinical Research Assistant
Christina Daliani, Clinical Research Assistant
TU IRB# 29851
Clinical Trial # NCT06182475