Despite the many positive, progressive aspects of Turkish TV, OTT platforms operate under regulations introduced in 2019, extending the authority of the Radio and TV Supreme Council (RTÜK) to cover on-demand media services (RTÜK, 2019). Platforms must obtain a license, pay annual fees, and comply with content oversight rules aimed at preventing obscenity, hate speech, and content deemed harmful to family values or national security. These laws, part of broader frameworks like Law No. 6112 and data protection regulations, also encourage data localization and user privacy safeguards (RTÜK, 2019). While ensuring regulatory oversight and consumer protection, the rules have faced criticism for potentially limiting freedom of expression and creating barriers for smaller content providers (Yackley, 2021). This regulatory environment reflects Turkey’s efforts to balance traditional broadcasting standards with the growing influence of digital media.
The government uses RTÜK to exert substantial control over TV and media content, enforcing content guidelines and censorship, especially regarding topics related to national security, religion, and family values. While there is a degree of freedom in the media, censorship remains a concern, with content sometimes restricted or altered to align with government policies. The government provides funding for production that aligns with national interests or promotes Turkish culture, but private production companies also rely on commercial investments, with growing support for digital platforms (Arslan, 2021). These dynamics shape the TV landscape in Turkey, creating a mix of state oversight and commercial growth.