

{"id":6854,"date":"2024-08-07T20:26:39","date_gmt":"2024-08-08T00:26:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/?p=6854"},"modified":"2024-08-08T11:22:21","modified_gmt":"2024-08-08T15:22:21","slug":"olympics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/2024\/08\/07\/olympics\/","title":{"rendered":"Music for Champions: Copyright at the Olympic Games"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/Olympic-rings.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"679\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/Olympic-rings-1024x679.png\" alt=\"Photograph of the Olympic Rings with the Eiffel Tower in the background and small grounds of people carrying umbrellas on either side.\" class=\"wp-image-6855\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/Olympic-rings-1024x679.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/Olympic-rings-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/Olympic-rings-768x509.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/Olympic-rings.png 1251w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Olympic rings on the Trocadero Esplanade near the Eiffel Tower in Paris on Sept. 13, 2017.Christophe Simon \/ AFP &#8211; Getty Images file<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As the 2024 Paris Olympic Games race towards their exciting conclusion, viewers across the world are learning about sports they\u2019ve never heard of and rooting for athletes who have become <a href=\"https:\/\/variety.com\/2024\/tv\/global\/paris-olympics-stars-pole-vault-pommel-horse-1236095643\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">household names overnight<\/a>. But one detail of the Olympics receives little attention despite its crucial significance to numerous sports and disciplines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=TRhv_dblwTc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Simone Biles<\/a><span style=\"padding: 0;margin: 0;margin-left: 5px\"><\/span><span style=\"padding: 0;margin: 0;margin-left: 5px\"><\/span> famously tumbled to an all-around gold to Taylor Swift\u2019s and Beyonc\u00e9\u2019s music for her floor routine, with her teammates Suni Lee and Jordan Chiles choosing <a href=\"https:\/\/people.com\/suni-lee-used-music-from-lindsey-stirling-paris-olympics-floor-exercise-8687100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Lindsey Stirling<\/a> and Beyonc\u00e9, respectively. The US artistic swimming team went viral for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.si.com\/olympics\/us-artistic-swimming-team-moonwalking-smooth-criminal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dancing an upside-down underwater moonwalk<\/a> to Michael Jackson\u2019s \u201cSmooth Criminal,\u201d while the Mexican team paid tribute to the rock band Queen. And viewers watching various arena sports have heard music by the White Stripes, Chappell Roan, Los Del Rio, Sia, and Gioacchino Rossini, among many others, punctuating the cheers of the crowds. So ubiquitous is such background music, or the music that accompanies artistic gymnasts and swimmers, not to mention the figure skaters and ice dancers of the Winter Olympics, that most of us don\u2019t even question the legality of such uses of music.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"575\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk-1024x575.png\" alt=\"Still image of swimmers upside down in the pool with their legs straight up in the air, in the midst of performing Michael Jackson's famous &quot;moonwalk.&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-6859\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk-1024x575.png 1024w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk-1536x863.png 1536w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/moonwalk.png 1720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The US Olympic artistic swimming team performs the moonwalk. Screen capture from https:\/\/www.today.com\/video\/us-artistic-swimmers-moonwalk-upside-down-to-smooth-criminal-216522821902<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>But as it turns out, getting permission to use popular song recordings at the Olympics <em>is <\/em>a big deal! Before a gymnast can legally execute a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/gymnasts-make-the-wolf-turn-look-easy-physics-shows-its-not\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wolf turn<\/a> in their floor routine or a figure skater can attempt a triple <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axel_jump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Axel<\/a> to the accompaniment of their favorite copyrighted music, permissions must be granted, or licensing must be purchased, in order not to run afoul of copyright law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why is copyright at the Olympics a big deal?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>You might be asking yourself, \u201cWhy does anyone care about music played at sporting events? It\u2019s not like Simone Biles is making money off Taylor Swift\u2019s or Beyonc\u00e9\u2019s music. Is the estate of Michael Jackson really being harmed if an artistic swimming team uses his music in their routine?\u201d It\u2019s important to understand the rights that copyright holders have over the performance or use of their intellectual property, and how that relates to public sporting events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are five rights granted to owners of copyrighted works:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The right to reproduce the work<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The right to prepare derivative works<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The right to produce and distribute copies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The right to publicly perform the work<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The right to display the copyrighted material<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This means anyone who wants to play a recording of copyrighted music in a public context, with <a href=\"https:\/\/copyrightalliance.org\/education\/copyright-law-explained\/limitations-on-a-copyright-owners-rights\/copyright-limitations-exceptions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">some exceptions<\/a>, must first obtain permission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Ufe-nmkZwXI?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Olympics&#8217; newest sport, breaking (commonly but erroneously known as &#8220;breakdancing&#8221;), had not yet debuted at the time of this writing, but this style of acrobatic dance rooted in hop hop introduces its own copyright complications to the Olympics. Instead of performers choosing their own music, a DJ mixes tracks on the spot and competitors choose skills on the spot based on the soundtrack. This video shows the Olympic trials for breaking held in Budapest, Hungary in June 2024.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>On top of these rights, there is another complication to how copyright works for music. Recorded music is subject to two different types of copyright:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Copyright of the musical composition (the notes and lyrics that can be written down),<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>and copyright of the specific recording in question.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This means that even if a song has entered the <a href=\"https:\/\/fairuse.stanford.edu\/overview\/public-domain\/welcome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">public domain<\/a>\u2014meaning it is no longer subject to copyright restrictions and can be used freely\u2014a new recording of that song is still subject to copyright law and needs to be lawfully licensed by anyone who wants to reproduce, derive a new work, distribute copies of, publicly perform, or display the work in question.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What does this mean for the Olympics? Before playing any copyrighted musical recording in a public performance setting, a license must be obtained from the copyright holder or organization that manages the licensing of copyrighted IP. The licenses ensure that the creator of the musical work receives royalties from the use of their creation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trackclub.com\/resources\/types-of-music-licenses\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A number of different types of licenses<\/a> are available depending on how the IP is being used, but the two most relevant to this case are blanket licenses and synchronization licenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When you hear a copyrighted song used in a TV show, commercial, or film, the creators of that filmed work needed to obtain a <strong>synchronization license<\/strong> to use the music lawfully. Synchronization licenses grant permission to use or reproduce music in the context of a filmed production meant to be shown at a later time, such as in a movie theater or on a streaming platform. A <strong>blanket license<\/strong>, on the other hand, grants the right to use a song or a catalog of music for a set period of time. Blanket licenses are what allow radio stations, restaurants, and other businesses that depend on large music playlists and catalogs to legally play or broadcast musical recordings. This type of license also applies to live events such as the Olympics, meaning NBC, which broadcasts the Olympics in the United States, pays a blanket fee for all the songs to be used in the games rather than a separate synchronization license for each song.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But wait!, you might be asking. The Olympic events are recorded and made available to be streamed both live and on demand on platforms such as Peacock, and NBC and other networks replay clips later on separate broadcasts. Furthermore, attendees create their own videos that get posted on social media, further complicating the status of the music played at the Olympics games. Like many issues of copyright, it won\u2019t be fully known how exactly the legality of these reproductions of copyrighted music stand up to the licenses obtained by NBC until much later. Copyright law is often clarified and shaped by the lawsuits that result from potential infractions, <a href=\"https:\/\/people.com\/sports\/beijing-olympics-us-figure-skaters-sued-copyright-infringement-song-nbc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">as happened after the 2022 Winter Olympic games<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/ice-dancing.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/ice-dancing-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A male and female figure skating pair wearing purple and black costumes strike a pose during their routine.\" class=\"wp-image-6863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/ice-dancing-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/ice-dancing-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/ice-dancing-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/files\/2024\/08\/ice-dancing.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alexa Knierim and Brandon Frazier perform the free routine portion of their silver medal-winning efforts in the 2022 Beijing Olympics. <a href=\"https:\/\/people.com\/sports\/beijing-olympics-us-figure-skaters-sued-copyright-infringement-song-nbc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Photo: Annice Lyn\/Getty<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After U.S. silver medalist pairs skaters Brandon Frazier and Alexa Knierim used the Heavy Young Heathens\u2019 cover of \u201cHouse of the Rising Sun\u201d in their short program, Robert and Aron Marderosian, the musician brothers behind the Heavy Young Heathens, sued the skaters, Comcast Corporation, NBC Universal Media, U.S. Figure Skating, and others for copyright infringement. The problem seemed to lie in a simple misunderstanding of copyright law: remember the two different elements of a musical recording that are protected by copyright\u2014the composition and the recording itself? While <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_House_of_the_Rising_Sun\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cHouse of the Rising Sun\u201d<\/a> is a public domain song that can be freely recorded or performed without the need for licensing, the recording by the Heavy Young Heathens is protected by that element of copyright law specific to recordings. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/legal\/litigation\/olympic-skaters-nbc-settle-with-musicians-over-song-use-2022-07-22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The case was settled out of court<\/a> and the details were not made public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So how can present and future Olympians ensure that they don\u2019t make the same mistakes that Frazier and Knierim made, and avoid potentially costly lawsuits? The <a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/ioc\/overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">IOC<\/a>, the organization responsible for putting on the Olympics and Paralympics, provides freely accessible information to help make this confusing process easier and more painless. The Olympics website provides access to an informational video explaining copyright for <a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/athlete365\/topics\/musicinsport\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cMusic in Sport,\u201d<\/a> and a separate handbook, <a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/athlete365\/app\/uploads\/2021\/04\/MIS-Educational-Material-Final-Version-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cMusic in Sport\u2014Guidance for Athletes,\u201d<\/a> provides even more information, including a list of Collective Management Organizations by territory to help athletes from different countries determine how to obtain performance licenses. And you don\u2019t need to be an Olympian to learn how to use music responsibly! The National Federation of State High School Organizations provides their own guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nfhs.org\/articles\/copyright-compliance-with-music-and-sporting-events\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Copyright Compliance with Music and Sporting Events<\/a> to help high schools use music responsibly at their sporting events. Did you know that a high school pep band doesn&#8217;t require permission from the copyright owner to play copyrighted music at a sporting event? You do now!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Learn more about copyright by visiting <a href=\"https:\/\/guides.temple.edu\/copyright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Copyright: A Guide to the Law and Fair Use<\/a> through Temple Libraries!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Learn about music and copyright at Temple University Libraries:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/librarysearch.temple.edu\/catalog\/991038008241003811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Boyle,&nbsp;James&nbsp;and Jennifer Jenkins.&nbsp;<em>Theft! A History of Music<\/em>.&nbsp;Duke Center for the Study of the Public Domain,&nbsp;2017.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/librarysearch.temple.edu\/catalog\/991039070962703811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Frith, Simon and Lee Marshall, eds. <em>Music and Copyright.<\/em> Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2009.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/librarysearch.temple.edu\/catalog\/991037905275103811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Leo, Katherine M. <em>Forensic Musicology and the Blurred Lines of Copyright History<\/em>. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2021.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Further reading about music, dance, sports, and copyright:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ipwatchdog.com\/2018\/03\/29\/musical-artists-get-paid-when-skaters-use-their-songs-olympics\/id=95117\/.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Galbo, Franco. \u201cHow Do Musical Artists Get Paid When Skaters Use Their Songs at the Olympics?&#8221; IPWatchdog.com, March 29, 2018.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/marksgray.com\/intellectual-property\/copyright-infringement-at-the-winter-olympics-house-of-the-rising-sun\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gray, Marks. \u201cCopyright Infringement at the Winter Olympics: House of the Rising Sun.\u201d Marks Gray, April 14, 2023.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/en\/news\/breaking-at-the-olympic-qualifier-series-everything-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Presto, Greg. &#8220;Breaking at the Olympic Qualifier Series: Everything you need to know.&#8221; Olympics.com, April 23, 2024.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/02\/14\/arts\/music\/olympics-figure-skating-songs-copyrights.html.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sisario, Ben. \u201cBeyonc\u00e9 Songs Come to the Olympics. but Who Pays for the Rights?\u201d The New York Times, February 14, 2018.<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.library.upenn.edu\/news\/dance-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Wolfson, Stephen. &#8220;Is that TikTok dance meme copyrighted? It&#8217;s complicated . . .&#8221; Penn Libraries, November 29, 2023.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/librarysearch.temple.edu\/catalog\/991039070962703811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As the 2024 Paris Olympic Games race towards their exciting conclusion, viewers across the world are learning about sports they\u2019ve never heard of and rooting for athletes who have become household names overnight. But one detail of the Olympics receives little attention despite its crucial significance to numerous sports and disciplines. Simone Biles famously tumbled [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32799,"featured_media":6855,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"yes","footnotes":""},"categories":[174,69,176,175,1],"tags":[180,181,177,190,179,183,186,187,9,71,189,182,178,184,185,188],"coauthors":[138],"class_list":["post-6854","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-copyright","category-musings","category-olympics","category-sports","category-uncategorized","tag-artistic-swimming","tag-breaking","tag-copyright","tag-figure-skating","tag-gymnastics","tag-jordan-chiles","tag-michael-jackson","tag-moonwalk","tag-music","tag-olympics","tag-public-domain","tag-simone-biles","tag-sports","tag-suni-lee","tag-synchronized-swimming","tag-taylor-swift"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Music for Champions: Copyright at the Olympic Games - Performing Arts News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/performingartsnews\/2024\/08\/07\/olympics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Music for Champions: Copyright at the Olympic Games - Performing Arts News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As the 2024 Paris Olympic Games race towards their exciting conclusion, viewers across the world are learning about sports they\u2019ve never heard of and rooting for athletes who have become household names overnight. But one detail of the Olympics receives little attention despite its crucial significance to numerous sports and disciplines. 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