{"id":2472,"date":"2022-12-01T03:09:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-01T08:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/?page_id=2472"},"modified":"2024-05-10T15:32:08","modified_gmt":"2024-05-10T19:32:08","slug":"dep-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/dep-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Unipolar Depression Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2472\" class=\"elementor elementor-2472\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2148fb82 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-items-stretch elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2148fb82\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49df4772\" data-id=\"49df4772\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4316ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-2198 elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f4316ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xl\">TEMPLE MOOD AND COGNITION LAB<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d238dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-2512 elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d238dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Principal Investigator: Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-62192ec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"62192ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b1bc13\" data-id=\"3b1bc13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebe1f77 elementor-nav-menu__align-center elementor-nav-menu--stretch elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-2214 elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"ebe1f77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;full_width&quot;:&quot;stretch&quot;,&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;toggle&quot;:&quot;burger&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<nav aria-label=\"Menu\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-1-ebe1f77\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2275\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Our Team<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2570\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#PI\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Dr. Lauren B. Alloy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2571\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#GS\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Graduate Students<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2572\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#RS\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Research Staff<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2573\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#RA\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Undergrad Research Assistants<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2574\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#Co\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\">Frequent Collaborators<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2470\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Research<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2594\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/bipolar-research\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Bipolar Research<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2495\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/dep-research\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Depression Research<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2455\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/pubs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Recent Publications<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2451\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/get-involved\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Get Involved<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2412\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/projects-crest-and-rise\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Participation in Paid Research Study<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2433\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/prospective-trainees\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Prospective Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Fellows<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2435\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/prospective-ra\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\">Prospective Research Assistants<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2508\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/resources-information\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Resources &amp; Information<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1784\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/contact-us\/\" class=\"elementor-item\">Contact &amp; Directions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-ebe1f77\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2275\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Our Team<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2570\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#PI\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Dr. Lauren B. Alloy<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2571\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#GS\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Graduate Students<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2572\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#RS\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Research Staff<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2573\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#RA\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Undergrad Research Assistants<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2574\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/lab-members2\/#Co\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Frequent Collaborators<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2470\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Research<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2594\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/bipolar-research\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Bipolar Research<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2495\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/res\/dep-research\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Depression Research<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2455\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/pubs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Recent Publications<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2451\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/get-involved\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Get Involved<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2412\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/projects-crest-and-rise\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Participation in Paid Research Study<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2433\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/prospective-trainees\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Prospective Graduate Students and Postdoctoral Fellows<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2435\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/prospective-ra\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Prospective Research Assistants<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2508\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/resources-information\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Resources &amp; Information<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1784\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/contact-us\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Contact &amp; Directions<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61910af elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61910af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION RESEARCH STUDIES<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0503590 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0503590\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebf34ca\" data-id=\"ebf34ca\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e23aaee elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"e23aaee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2371\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Integrated Reward-Inflammation Model of First Onset of Major Depression in Adolescence<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2371\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2371\"><p>Adolescence is an \u201cage of risk\u201d for the emergence of 1st onset of major depressive disorder (MD). Despite its prevalence and public health significance, major unanswered questions exist regarding the mechanisms involved in vulnerability to MD. Depression (Dep) is associated with a reduced sensitivity to rewards and low reward-related brain function in cortico-striatal circuitry. However, research has not yet tested whether chronically low reward responsivity (RR) or attenuated RR development during adolescence predicts 1st onset of MD. A separate literature documents elevated peripheral inflammation in Dep. Yet, research also has not examined whether chronically elevated inflammation or increases in inflammation during adolescence predicts 1st onset of MD. Further, research on inflammation and RR mostly has proceeded in parallel.<\/p><p>Recently, however, we and others have proposed neuroimmune network models of Dep. These models draw on work indicating that peripheral inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines) access the brain, where they lower RR. When dysregulated, this immune-to-brain signaling can lead to chronic and worsening low RR, which is reflected in dysphoria and anhedonia. This low RR is proposed to initiate unhealthy behaviors (substance use, poor diet), as well as sleep disruption and stress generation, which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation in RR and immune signaling may synergize in a positive feedback loop, whereby dysregulation in each system exacerbates dysregulation in the other.<\/p><p>We propose that reward-immune dysregulation is a two-hit vulnerability for the 1st onset of MD and increases in Dep symptoms (Sxs) during adolescence. Moreover, childhood and adolescentadversity and recent stressors influence both RR and inflammation, and may set the foundation for reward-immune dysregulation. This proposal is the first systematic test of these hypotheses. We will use an innovative biobehavioral high-risk design to examine bidirectional relationships between peripheral inflammation and multiple indices and domains (monetary, social) of RR and their joint prediction of 1st onset of MD and increases in Dep Sxs, particularly anhedonia. Three hundred 14-15 year old participants (Ps) will complete a prospective 3-year longitudinal study. Ps with no prior MD will be selected along the entire dimension of self-reported RR, with oversampling at the low tail of the dimension in order to increase the likelihood of MD onsets. At Time 1 (T1), T3, and T5, each a year apart, Ps will complete blood draws to quantify inflammation, self-report and behavioral measures of RR, and fMRI scans of reward neural activity and functional connectivity. At T1-T5 (with T2 and T4 6 mo. between the yearly sessions), Ps also will complete diagnostic interviews, and measures of Dep Sxs, reward-relevant life events, and behaviors that increase inflammation. Adversity history will be assessed at T1 only. This proposal is an innovative integration of research on reward and inflammatory signaling in understanding 1st onset of MD in adolescence. It has the potential to facilitate novel neuroimmune and behavioral interventions to treat, and ideally prevent, MD.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2372\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Depression Surge in Adolescence &amp; Gender Differences: Biocognitive Mechanisms<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2372\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2372\"><p dir=\"ltr\">Why does depression surge so dramatically in adolescence, especially for females? \u00a0Despite the great scientific and public health significance of this question, the mechanisms underlying the surge in depression and emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence remain elusive.<\/p><p>This project is relevant to NIMH\u2019s mission to understand the causes of depression in youth, role of minority and gender status in depression, and targets for early intervention. \u00a0The aims of this project are to examine the generality to African-Americans of this surge in depression and emergence of gender differences as well as to examine the mechanisms underlying these developmental phenomena from the perspective of an innovative cognitive vulnerability X transactional stress model, embedded within a normative adolescent brain and cognitive development context.<\/p><p>To this end, a large-scale prospective, longitudinal study of 12-13 year old community youth (evenly divided between males and females and Caucasians and African-Americans) and their parents is being conducted. \u00a0Assessments of the adolescents\u2019 cognitive vulnerabilities (negative cognitive styles, rumination, self-referent information processing, autobiographical memories), normative cognitive development (executive functions \u2013 attention, working memory, decision-making, future orientation), early childhood stressors, racial identity, and psychiatric diagnoses are conducted at Time 1 and yearly thereafter. \u00a0Assessments of depressive and anxiety symptoms, stressful life events, hopelessness, emotional abuse and peer victimization, emotional clarity, body image, perceived discrimination, and pubertal status occur every 6 months. \u00a0In addition, assessments of parental psychopathology, maternal cognitive vulnerabilities, and parenting styles are also obtained at Time 1 and yearly.<\/p><p>Results will have very significant implications for prevention of depression. \u00a0 Knowledge of mechanisms underlying the adolescent surge in depression would suggest interventions for short-circuiting it and the great impairment it portends for young adulthood. \u00a0Specifically, results will suggest optimal features of preventive interventions for depression in youth regarding: identification of youth to target, timing, psychological or biological processes to target, and interventions for girls vs. boys and African-Americans vs. Caucasians.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2373\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"far fa-caret-square-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened far fa-caret-square-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Risk for Adolescent Depression: \u00a0Stress, Cognitive Vulnerability, and Inflammation<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2373\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2373\"><p dir=\"ltr\">Rates of depressive symptoms and diagnoses rise markedly between ages 15-18. Despite the scientific and public health significance, the mechanisms responsible for the adolescent surge in depression are not fully understood.<\/p><p>Cognitive vulnerability \u2013 stress models have contributed importantly to our understanding of the increased incidence of depression in adolescence; however, these models do not adequately explain some of the somatic symptoms or incorporate biological stress mechanisms through which cognitive vulnerability evokes depression. A separate exciting body of research on immune correlates of depression has highlighted the role of proinflammatory pathways; yet, only some depressed individuals exhibit inflammation. This project provides a novel and compelling integration of the cognitive vulnerability \u2013 stress framework and the proinflammatory model of depression as applied to adolescence. The research has the potential to solve puzzles and limitations faced by both models when considered separately. The findings may help to account for the full spectrum of depressive symptoms and identify cognitively vulnerable individuals as especially likely to evince signs of cytokine dysregulation and increased reactivity to stressful events. Moreover, it is known that early childhood adversity contributes to both the development of cognitive vulnerability and a proinflammatory bias. The primary goal is to determine the role of inflammatory states in combination with cognitive vulnerabilities, stress, and childhood adversity as contributors that underlie the rise in adolescent depression.<\/p><p>A multiwave, 4-year prospective study will be conducted with an existing, well-characterized community sample of 300 adolescents, including similar numbers of males and females and Caucasians and African-Americans, just reaching the critical age when the dramatic rise in depression begins. We will conduct yearly blood draws to assess proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines (a multicytokine array of 7 cytokines) and C-reactive protein (CRP), in parallel with ongoing assessments of life stress and depression and anxiety symptoms every 6 months. Cognitive vulnerabilities and depression and anxiety diagnoses will be obtained yearly, along with a history of childhood adversity in this unique cohort of urban adolescents. We also will examine interleukin-6 (IL- 6) reactivity to an acute stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) to determine how individual variation in cognitive reactivity translates into increased IL-6 release.<\/p><p>This project fills a crucial knowledge gap about normal development of immunity in adolescence and its role in the dramatic rise in adolescent depression. It may lead to novel interventions for depression that target cognitive influences on cytokine responses to stress, as well as pharmacological manipulations of cytokines to address symptoms such as fatigue, anhedonia, and withdrawal.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac32fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ac32fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><h3>\u00a0<\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-08b40ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"08b40ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-53b13cc\" data-id=\"53b13cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9423fef elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9423fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04b4e87 elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-2210 elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"04b4e87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-e00e337\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/tumoodcoglab\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-dfa8c87\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/templemoodcognitionlab\/reels\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-1b79410\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/TempleMoodCogLab\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TEMPLE MOOD AND COGNITION LAB Principal Investigator: Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D. UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION RESEARCH STUDIES Integrated Reward-Inflammation Model of First Onset of Major Depression in Adolescence Adolescence is an \u201cage of risk\u201d for the emergence of 1st onset of major depressive disorder (MD). Despite its prevalence and public health significance, major unanswered questions exist regarding&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16807,"featured_media":0,"parent":2464,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_canvas","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2472","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16807"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2472\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.temple.edu\/moodandcognitionlab\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}